Журнал инфекционных заболеваний и профилактической медицины
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ISSN: 2329-8731
ISSN: 2329-8731
Tilahun Tewabe, Gebeyaw Zeleke, Abdurahman Mohammed
Objective: This study aimed to assess determinants for tuberculosis in HIV infected patients in Debre Birhan town, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Design: Case control study
Setting: Public health facilities at Debre Birhan Town.
Participants: A total of 276 individuals participated in this study (92 cases and 184 controls). Cases were adult patients who were co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), and controls were adult HIV patients without TB.
Main outcome measure: The link between TB infection and determinants was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Sociodemographic, host, clinical and immunological determinants were studied.
Results: In this study participants who; earn low monthly income (AOR) 0.024; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.14), smoker (AOR 10.53; 95% CI 1.53 to 72.18), kerosene (AOR 2.49; 95% CI 1.22 to 5.07), alcohol (AOR=5.48; 95% CI 1.29 to 23.56), family history of TB (AOR=2.51; 1.03, 6.15) were at high risk of tuberculosis. While patients with opportunistic infections (AOR=3.35; 95% CI 1.62 to 6.91), bronchial asthma (AOR=14.77; 95% CI 6.25 to 34.91), diabetes mellitus (AOR 10.62; 95% CI 2.77 to 40.50) and low CD4 level (AOR=6.03; 95% CI 2.27 to 16.18) were at high risk of TB.
Conclusion: HIV patients with risk behaviors, opportunistic infections, diabetes, asthma, low CD4, kerosene user and poor were at risk of TB. To reduce the risk of TB health care providers and government should work to reduce risk behaviors early screening and initiation of treatment for opportunistic infections, health education for chronic diseases, early staging and initiation of treatment for HIV, working with poor to improve their life were recommended.
Strengths and limitations: This study gives cues of determinants of tuberculosis in the study area. The study identified factors for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. As a limitation, temporal relationship of exposure and disease was not established.