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Comparison of Serum Lipid and Thyroid Profiles Before and After Scaling and Root Planning in Periodontitis Subjects

Sania, Krishan KC, Rajesh KT, Mohan L, Anupama B, Sukanya M

Background: Hyperlipidemia and Thyroid disorders are considered to be related with systemic inflammation. Periodontitis has been found to release inflammatory cytokines to systemic circulation. So, it could be related with these two systemic conditions.

Aim: Determination of effect of changes in periodontal status obtained by scaling and root planing on serum lipid and thyroid profiles.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 subjects with chronic periodontitis. Subjects with history of periodontal treatment in the past six months, diabetes and on anti hyperlipidemic/thyroid drugs or active tobacco smoking were excluded. Periodontal parameters (gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth) and metabolic parameters, like, fasting serum lipid profile and thyroid profiles were taken at baseline and 90 days. At baseline, conventional periodontal therapy i.e., full mouth scaling and root planing was performed without any prescription of antibiotics or mouthwashes.

Results: There were significant improvement (p<0.05) in all periodontal parameters. Correspondingly, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Triglycerides and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). There was significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL levels, but no significant changes in cholesterol, VLDL and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels.

Conclusion: The improvement in periodontal status is reflected in improvement of serum lipid profile. This effect is not very obvious on thyroid status.