Журнал исследований опухолей
Открытый доступ
ISSN: 2684-1258
ISSN: 2684-1258
Olfat M Hendy
Background & Definition: Chronic lymphocytic leu¬kemia (CLL) results from an acquired (not present at birth mutation (change)) to the DNA of a single mar¬row cell that develops into a lymphocyte. Scientists do not yet understand what causes this change. Once the marrow cell undergoes the leukemic change, it multiplies into many cells. CLL cells grow and survive better than normal cells; over time, they crowd out normal cells. The result is the uncontrolled growth of CLL cells in the marrow, leading to an increase in the number of CLL cells in the blood. The leukemic cells that accumulate in the marrow in people with CLL do not prevent normal blood cell production as ex¬tensively as is the case with acute lymphoblastic leu¬kemia. Risk Factors: First-degree relatives of patients with CLL are three to four times more likely to devel¬op CLL than people who do not have first-degree rel¬atives with the disease. Old age is second risk factor of CLL development. Sign and symptoms: Early, some people with CLL do not have any symptoms. The dis¬ease may be suspected because of abnormal results from blood tests that were ordered either as part of an annual physical or a medical examination for an unrelated condition. An unexplained elevated white blood cell (lymphocyte) count is the most common finding that leads a doctor to consider a CLL diagno¬sis. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of CLL is usually evident from the results of blood cell counts and an exam¬ination of blood cells. A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy generally are not needed to make a diagnosis of CLL provided the red blood cells and platelets are normal. “Immunopheno typing” (or flow cytometry) of lymphocytes is an important process used to diag¬nose CLL, and other types of leukemia and lympho¬ma, by comparing the cancer cells to normal immune cells. Staging for CLL helps doctors to both assess how the disease is expected to progress over time and also to develop a treatment plan. Complications: CLL or CLL Treatment: Infections are a common com¬plication for people with CLL. Anemia (low numbers of red blood cells) is a common side effect of chemo¬therapy. In about 3 to 5 percent of people with CLL, the disease transforms into an aggressive lymphoma (Richter Transformation) because of a change in the characteristics of the CLL cells. About 15 percent of people with CLL develop prolymphocytic leukemia. Some people with CLL produce a type of antibody that works against their own cells (Autoimmune He¬molytic Anemia). People with CLL have a higher risk than the general population of developing a second cancer. Conclusion: People with CLL need regular medical follow-up after they have completed treat¬ment. It is important to assess the full effect of ther¬apy as well as to identify any return of progressive disease that may require additional therapy. Constant lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a sort of malignant growth where the bone marrow makes such a large number of lymphocytes (a kind of white platelet). Right off the bat there are normally no side effects. Later non-difficult lymph hub expanding, feeling tired, fever, night sweats, or weight reduction for no unmistakable explanation may happen. Devel¬opment of the spleen and low red platelets (weak¬ness) may likewise happen. It regularly exacerbates step by step over years. Hazard factors incorporate having a family ancestry of the malady. Presentation to Agent Orange and certain bug sprays may likewise be a hazard. CLL brings about the development of B cell lymphocytes in the bone marrow, lymph hubs, and blood. These cells don’t work well and group out sound platelets. CLL is separated into two pri¬mary sorts: those with a transformed IGHV quality and those without. Analysis is regularly founded on blood tests discovering high quantities of develop lymphocytes and smear cells. The executives of early ailment is commonly with vigilant pausing. Contam¬inations should all the more promptly be treated with anti-infection agents. In those with huge side effects, chemotherapy or immunotherapy might be utilized. Starting at 2019 ibrutinib is frequently the underlying prescription suggested. The prescriptions fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab were beforehand the underlying treatment in the individ¬uals who are in any case solid. CLL influenced around 904,000 individuals internationally in 2015 and brought about 60,700 passings. The sickness most normally happens in individuals beyond 50 years old. Guys are influenced more regularly than females. It is substantially less normal in individuals from Asia. Five-year endurance following finding is roughly 83% in the United States. It speaks to under 1% of pass¬ings from disease.