Журнал аэронавтики и аэрокосмической техники
Открытый доступ

Абстрактный

Material Science : An Overview

Srikanth Nuthanapati*

Materials science, often known as materials science and engineering, is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the design and discovery of novel materials, particularly solids. Materials science has its philosophical roots in the Enlightenment, when academics began to apply analytical reasoning from chemistry, physics, and engineering to old, phenomenological data in metallurgy and mineralogy. Physics, chemistry, and engineering are all still used in materials science. As a result, academic institutions have long regarded the field as a sub-field of these connected fields. Materials science became more widely acknowledged as a distinct branch of science and engineering in the 1940s, and major technical colleges throughout the world established specialised schools to study it. Materials scientists emphasize understanding, how the history of a material (processing) influences its structure, and thus the material's properties and performance. The materials paradigm is a way of thinking about the relationships between processing, structure, and attributes. This paradigm is applied in a range of scientific domains, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy, to increase understanding. Investigating materials, goods, buildings, or components that fail or do not work as intended, resulting in personal injury or property damage, materials science is an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis. Such investigations are crucial in determining the reasons of numerous aviation accidents and events, for example. The era's preferred material is frequently a defining feature. Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Steel Age are all historical, if arbitrary, terms. Originating with the production of ceramics and its potential offshoot metallurgy. One of the oldest branches of engineering and applied science is materials science. Modern materials science originated straight from metallurgy, which evolved from mining and (possibly) ceramics, as well as the usage of fire in the past.