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Neuroplasticity and Young Children with Autism: A Tutorial

Angela Losardo

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction skills, as well as repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. Theories related to neuroplasticity and brain development before 3 years of age lend support the notion of critical periods during which cortical circuits in the brain are refined by experience. Advances in early identification of ASD have led to an increased focus on early interventions targeting critical developmental skills in the first three years of life. The purpose of this tutorial is threefold. First, the principles of neuroplasticity and factors that support neuroplasticity will be addressed. Next, the malleability of the developing brain and the importance of early intervention for young children with ASD will be discussed. And finally, practical suggestions for caregivers and health-care professionals will be outlined including screening for early markers of autism spectrum disorder, encouraging active caregiver engagement in the intervention process, embedding intervention in natural environments, and using an integrated approach to early intervention.