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Task-Related Temporal Gamma EEG Coherence as a Marker of Alzheimer's disease

Dina Rodinskaia*, Crystal Radinski, Jake Labuhn

Background: Progressive deterioration of synaptic plasticity and synaptic connectivity between neurons is a neurophysiological hallmark of brain ageing and has been linked to the severity of dementia. We hypothesized that electroencephalographic evidence of the disruption of functional connectivity might be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s dementia. Improving the accuracy and reducing the time needed to diagnose AD could allow timely interventions, treatments, and care cost reduction. In our previous study, we identified four promising markers. Temporal Gamma EEG coherence marker (TG-marker) was selected for evaluation. This study examined group differences in EEG coherence within global cortical networks at rest and during executive challenges among patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls.

Methods: This blinded diagnostic test accuracy study examined diagnostic parameters for TG-marker in individuals with AD, vascular dementia, Parkinson’s, depression and healthy controls. The TG-marker sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and positive and negative likelihood ratio were evaluated.

Results: TG-marker demonstrated high sensitivity (>89%) and specificity (95%) in all neurodegenerative groups with high PPV (>92%) and NPV (>93%).

Conclusions: TG-marker could be a valuable tool in detecting neurodegenerative process in the brain and excluding dementia in TG-marker negative patients. More testing is needed to understand the role of neurodegeneration in pseudodementia and age-related brain changes.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Electroencephalographic; Neurophysiological; Temporal gamma EEG coherence marker; Vascular dementia