Журнал протеомики и биоинформатики
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Steps and Tools Involved in In Silico Vaccine Design: A Review

Boluwatife Olawale, Tifeola A. Oyewole

In silico vaccine design is the computational biochemical preparation of vaccines. It is a modern approach to vaccine design and is very fast, inexpensive, effective and applicable to antigenically diverse pathogens when compared to the traditional method of vaccine design. The aim of this review is to explain the important steps, bioinformatics tools and immune-informatics approach useful in computational vaccine design. The databases and algorithms include National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), EMBOSS transeq, ANTIGENpro, AllerTOP, Toxinpred, NetCTL 1.2 server, IEDB MHC-II, and BCPred, which are respectively used for sequence retrieval and analysis, sequence translation, antigenicty, allergenicity and toxicity prediction, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL), Helper T-Lymphocyte (HTL) and B cell epitopes prediction. Additionally, this review gives a detailed report on the processes of the construction of vaccine primary and secondary structures, vaccine physico-chemical properties, tertiary structure prediction, refinement and validation, stability enhancement, molecular docking and dynamic simulation, immune response simulation, codon optimization and cloning. In conclusion, this report allows for a comprehensive insight on subunit vaccine construct.