ISSN: 2471-9315
Huda Z Al-Shami and Mohammed A Al-Haimi
Nosocomial infections (NIs) and antimicrobial resistances are spread worldwide. This study was carried out in six major hospitals in some governorates in Yemen to determine the risk factors, incidence rates, nosocomial infections causative agents and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 384 patients, whose ages range between <1 to 90 years old, were taken in consideration for this study. Moreover, patients case definition and phenotypic identification methods for microbial isolates and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were based on standards methods.
Findings are that the overall incidence rate for nosocomial infection was 65.4 cases in every 100 patients; however, the highest rate was in the intensive care units with a rate of 68.2 cases in every 100 patients and the overall mortality rate was 9.2 in every 100 nosocomial patients. Risk factors for nosocomial infection were; staying in hospitals for long time, surgical operation, antibiotics and devices used. The highest incidence rates were as 33.1% for Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections (NUTIs). The common isolated pathogens were C. albicans (86.1%) and E. coli (66.7%) of NUTIs while, Acinetobacter spp. (69.7%) and S. aureus (16.8%) were from Nosocomial Surgical Site Infections (NSSIs). The highest resistant percentages of isolated bacteria were 79.8% to ampicillin, and 78.9% to ceftazidime of broad spectrum antibiotics and the highest resistant percentage to narrow spectrum antibiotics for Gram-positive (G +ve) bacteria was 85.7% to methicillin. In conclusion, incidence and mortality rates for nosocomial infections and antibiotics resistant percentages were very high in Yemen.